Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deep phenotyping of an ATDC5 in-vitro cartilage model system.

Bone reports·2026
Same author

Reprogramming Stars #28: Stem Cell-Based Approaches to Build Blood Vessels and Liver Tissue-An Interview with Dr. Lay Teng Ang.

Cellular reprogramming·2026
Same author

Regulation of endothelial cell chromatin availability and transcription factor activity during arterial-venous specification.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

MLL4/KMT2D histone methyltransferase and JUNB cooperate in a feed-forward loop to support AP-1-dependent TGF-β signaling.

Genes & development·2026
Same author

Eomes fate-labeling reveals a subset of Eomes<sup>lo</sup> NK cells that exhibits an ILC1-like phenotype.

Mucosal immunology·2026
Same author

Mosaic gastruloids reveal a temporal restriction for developmental cell competition.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same journal

A new perspective on ATR's role in translesion synthesis.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

Mechanisms coordinating exit from the stem cell state in mammals.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

Evolutionarily conserved spliceosome-exosome pathway in nuclear mRNA surveillance.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

CDK1 and CEP97 cooperatively control centriole length to orchestrate ciliogenesis and developmental patterning.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

Coupling of translesion synthesis with the replisome stabilized at stalled replication forks by ATR.

Genes & development·2026
Same journal

MYC serine 62 phosphorylation promotes its association with DNA double-strand breaks to facilitate repair and cell survival under genotoxic stress.

Genes & development·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
14:37

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 1, 2017

Pluripotency factors regulate definitive endoderm specification through eomesodermin.

Adrian Kee Keong Teo1, Sebastian J Arnold, Matthew W B Trotter

  • 1Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Genes & Development
|January 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pluripotency factors NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 actively direct mammalian cell differentiation. They control EOMESODERMIN (EOMES) expression, initiating endoderm specification and forming a comprehensive molecular model.

More Related Videos

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:06

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 11, 2019

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
14:37

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 1, 2017

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:06

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 11, 2019

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding early cell fate decisions is crucial for stem cell differentiation.
  • Robust methods for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells are needed for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling mammalian endoderm specification.
  • To establish a comprehensive molecular model of the transition from pluripotency to endoderm formation.

Main Methods:

  • Used human embryonic stem cells and mouse epiblast stem cells.
  • Performed whole-genome expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses.

Main Results:

  • Established a transcription factor hierarchy regulating endoderm specification.
  • Demonstrated that NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 actively direct differentiation.
  • Showed that these factors control EOMESODERMIN (EOMES) expression, initiating endoderm specification.
  • Revealed EOMES interacts with SMAD2/3 to initiate endoderm formation.

Conclusions:

  • Provided a comprehensive molecular model connecting pluripotency to endoderm specification.
  • Highlighted the essential role of pluripotency factors in directing differentiation.
  • Offered insights into the molecular network governing mammalian endoderm development.