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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

The Bioconjugation and Radiosynthesis of 89Zr-DFO-labeled Antibodies
09:29

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Published on: February 12, 2015

Zirconium: biomedical and nephrological applications.

David B N Lee1, Martin Roberts, Christian G Bluchel

  • 1Laboratory for Artificial Kidney Innovation and Development (LAKID), Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center and Nursing Home, VA Greater LA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA. dbnlee@ucla.edu

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|January 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Zirconium (Zr) compounds are increasingly used in medical implants and public health applications due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. Continued monitoring ensures safe and effective use of these versatile materials.

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Zirconium (Zr) compounds see expanding applications in artificial internal organs, including dental and orthopedic implants.
  • Zr-based sorbents are utilized in various renal replacement therapies like hemofiltration and hemodialysis.
  • Zr compounds are also prevalent in personal care products and environmental applications for water purification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of the biomedical applications of zirconium compounds.
  • To assess the current understanding of zirconium's biocompatibility and toxicity in medical contexts.
  • To highlight the increasing use and safety profile of Zr in healthcare and public health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent experimental and clinical studies on zirconium compounds.
  • Analysis of publications concerning biomedical uses and reported adverse reactions.
  • Synthesis of data on applications in artificial organs, renal therapies, and public health.

Main Results:

  • Zirconium compounds demonstrate general biocompatibility and low toxicity across diverse applications.
  • Reports of Zr-associated adverse reactions are infrequent and lack established causality.
  • Publications on Zr use have risen, while toxicity reports have diminished.

Conclusions:

  • Zirconium compounds are safe and effective for widespread biomedical and public health applications.
  • The established safety profile supports continued use, with ongoing vigilance recommended.
  • This review underscores the significant and growing role of Zr in modern medicine and environmental management.