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Related Concept Videos

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:16

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

In 1923, the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases was proposed by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry. According to this theory, a Brønsted acid is defined as a species that donates a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted to its conjugate base. A Brønsted base is defined as a species that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted into its conjugate acid. These transfers of protons are caused by the displacement of electrons in these reactions, which is...
Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base02:30

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

Lewis Acids and Bases

This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
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Super Brønsted acid catalysis.

Cheol Hong Cheon1, Hisashi Yamamoto

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|January 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed strong Brønsted acids for organic synthesis, enhancing reactivity and selectivity. These catalysts show promise for reactions like the Mukaiyama aldol reaction, offering an alternative to Lewis acid catalysis.

Area of Science:

  • Organic chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Synthetic methodology

Background:

  • Brønsted acid catalysis is a developing area in organic synthesis.
  • Expanding the utility of Brønsted acids requires catalysts with high reactivity and selectivity.
  • Comparison with well-established Lewis acid catalysis is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the design and development of strong Brønsted acids.
  • To showcase applications of these acids in organic reactions.
  • To compare Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysis in terms of reactivity and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of novel strong Brønsted acids.
  • Application of developed Brønsted acids to organic reactions, including the Mukaiyama aldol reaction.

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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
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  • Comparative analysis of catalytic performance (reactivity, chemo- and stereo-selectivity).

    • Main Results:

    • Successful development of strong Brønsted acids.
    • Demonstration of utility in reactions like the Mukaiyama aldol reaction using Tf(2)NH.
    • Highlighting differences in reactivity and selectivity compared to Lewis acids.

    Conclusions:

    • Strong Brønsted acids offer significant potential in organic synthesis.
    • The developed catalysts provide high reactivity and selectivity.
    • Brønsted acid catalysis presents a valuable alternative to Lewis acid catalysis for various transformations.