Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026
19:53
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Forehead lifting: state of the art
Patrick C Angelos1, Christian L Stallworth, Tom D Wang
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 29239, USA. angelosp@ohsu.edu
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS
|January 20, 2011
Summary
Forehead lifting rejuvenates appearance by improving brow position. This review details anatomy, patient evaluation, surgical techniques, and non-surgical options for forehead rejuvenation.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Aesthetic Medicine
- Anatomy
Background:
- Aging affects forehead aesthetics and brow position.
- Forehead lifting aims to restore a youthful appearance and improve brow function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review forehead anatomy and aesthetics.
- To discuss patient evaluation, surgical approaches, complications, and nonsurgical adjuncts for forehead lifting.
Main Methods:
- Review of anatomical structures of the forehead and scalp.
- Analysis of aging factors and ideal brow aesthetics.
- Discussion of patient assessment criteria.
- Comparison of various surgical techniques (direct, coronal, mid-forehead, endoscopic, trans-blepharoplasty).
- Overview of potential complications and nonsurgical treatments.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of forehead anatomy, including layers, vasculature, innervation, and musculature.
- Identification of key aesthetic considerations and aging-related changes.
- Outline of comprehensive patient evaluation parameters.
- Summary of advantages and disadvantages for each surgical approach.
Conclusions:
- Forehead lifting offers functional and aesthetic improvements.
- A thorough understanding of anatomy and patient assessment is crucial for successful outcomes.
- Multiple surgical and nonsurgical options exist for forehead rejuvenation.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
01:19Muscles that Move the Head
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
01:24Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...
01:22Sutures of the Skull
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
01:22Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management
Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...