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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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Accessory mitral papillary muscle causing severe aortic insufficiency.

Alper Ucak1, Burak Onan, Ibrahim Alp

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Gülhane Military Medical School, İstanbul, Turkey.

Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin Yayin Organidir
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A rare congenital anomaly, accessory mitral papillary muscle from the interventricular septum, caused exertional dyspnea in a young male. Surgical aortic valve replacement was successful, preserving mitral valve function.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Accessory mitral papillary muscles originating from the interventricular septum are rare congenital cardiac anomalies.
  • This case highlights a 20-year-old male presenting with exertional dyspnea, indicative of potential cardiac pathology.

Observation:

  • Cardiac examination revealed a significant diastolic murmur and palpable apical pulsations.
  • Transthoracic echocardiography identified severe aortic regurgitation, left ventricular dilatation, and an accessory papillary muscle extending from the interventricular septum to the anterior mitral leaflet within the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).
  • Color Doppler imaging demonstrated turbulence and a mild pressure gradient across the LVOT due to the abnormal mitral attachment.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent aortic valve replacement due to degenerative aortic leaflet changes.
  • The accessory papillary muscle was intentionally preserved to maintain normal mitral valve function.
  • An aortic bileaflet mechanical prosthetic valve was implanted.

Implications:

  • Successful surgical management of severe aortic regurgitation in the presence of an accessory mitral papillary muscle is demonstrated.
  • Preservation of the accessory papillary muscle ensured preserved mitral valve function post-operatively.
  • The patient showed positive outcomes with no signs of left ventricular dysfunction or mitral regurgitation during follow-up.