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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Published on: May 26, 2020

Calf pain in athletes.

N E Vincent, W D Stanish

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien

|January 21, 2011

Summary

This review covers recent literature on posterior leg muscle and tendon injuries. Current treatment options remain debated, with no definitive consensus on surgical versus conservative approaches.

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Musculoskeletal Injuries

Background:

Injuries to the posterior leg musculotendinous unit are common in athletes and active individuals.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the calf muscles and tendons is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Previous literature has explored various aspects of these injuries, but consensus on optimal treatment is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the English literature from the past decade concerning injuries to the posterior leg musculotendinous unit.
To synthesize current knowledge on the anatomy, examination, differential diagnosis, and management of these injuries.
To highlight the ongoing debate regarding surgical versus conservative treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

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A comprehensive literature search was conducted for studies published in English over the last 10 years.

The review focused on injuries affecting the musculotendinous unit of the posterior leg.

Key aspects discussed include anatomy, physical examination, differential diagnosis, and treatment options.

Main Results:

The review encompasses the anatomy and function of the posterior leg motor unit.
It details the history and physical examination techniques relevant to diagnosing these injuries.
The literature review addresses the differential diagnosis and management strategies, noting a lack of consensus.

Conclusions:

The management of posterior leg musculotendinous injuries remains a subject of ongoing discussion.
There is no universal agreement on whether surgical or conservative treatment yields superior outcomes.
Further research may be needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for treatment.