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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...

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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

Published on: October 16, 2013

Colon and rectum rigid and flexible endoscopy.

P Grand'maison, J Belle-Isle, P Guilmette

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien

|January 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy in family practice detected colorectal cancer in 0.86% of patients. Over 12% had polyps, highlighting the importance of endoscopic screening for colorectal diseases.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

Published on: October 16, 2013

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Area of Science:

Family Medicine
Gastroenterology
Oncology

Background:

Endoscopic examinations are crucial for diagnosing colorectal diseases.
Family practice settings play a role in patient screening.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the outcomes of flexible sigmoidoscopy in a family practice setting.
To assess the prevalence of colorectal diseases, including cancer and polyps.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 1046 flexible sigmoidoscopies (≥60 cm) performed between July 1982 and June 1986.
Data collected from patient charts and analyzed using computer-assisted methods.
Examinations were conducted in a family practice unit.

Main Results:

Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 0.86% of patients (9 cases), with 6 detected at early stages.
Over 12% of patients had at least one polyp (≥5 mm).
Digestive symptoms prompted over 60% of examinations; 27.4% were for colorectal cancer screening.

Conclusions:

Flexible sigmoidoscopy in family practice is effective in detecting colorectal cancer and polyps.
Early detection of colorectal cancer is achievable through endoscopic screening.
Routine screening in primary care can identify significant colorectal pathology.