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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

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Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
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Oral Cavity01:11

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
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Orthodontics.

B Hemrend, G Altuna, B Tompson

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 21, 2011
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This article introduces orthodontics, covering new appliances and treatment outcomes. It details common orthodontic issues like malocclusion and adult treatment challenges, offering practical physician insights.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Orthodontics

    Background:

    • Orthodontics addresses dental and facial irregularities.
    • Advances in appliances and treatment protocols are continually evolving.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of the field of orthodontics.
    • To discuss recent advancements in orthodontic appliances.
    • To explore potential consequences and common challenges in orthodontic treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of current orthodontic practices.
    • Case study analysis of common orthodontic problems.
    • Discussion of treatment outcomes and potential complications.

    Main Results:

    • Overview of contemporary orthodontic appliances and their applications.
    • Detailed examination of complex cases including malocclusion, surgical orthodontics, and "long-face" syndrome.
    • Exploration of adult orthodontics, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues, periodontics, and post-retention changes.

    Conclusions:

    • The article synthesizes practical clinical information with research data for physicians.
    • It highlights the multifaceted nature of orthodontic treatment and patient management.
    • Emphasizes the importance of understanding diverse orthodontic conditions and their management.