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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
07:54

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes

Published on: June 5, 2014

Clinical practice: neonatal cholestasis.

Ruth De Bruyne1, Stephanie Van Biervliet, Saskia Vande Velde

  • 1Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. ruth.debruyne@ugent.be

European Journal of Pediatrics
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Prompt evaluation of neonatal cholestasis is crucial. Early diagnosis and intervention, including bilirubin checks and assessment for biliary atresia, improve infant outcomes and prevent complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Hepatology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Neonatal cholestasis is a severe condition requiring prompt investigation.
  • Delayed referral of infants with neonatal cholestasis remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Jaundice persisting beyond two weeks necessitates a fractionated bilirubin assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the critical steps in evaluating neonatal cholestasis.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and management.
  • To highlight key diagnostic indicators and urgent interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Fractionated bilirubin testing for infants with jaundice beyond two weeks.
  • Assessment of coagulation and vitamin K administration for coagulopathy.
  • Referral to pediatric hepatology for acholic stools to rule out biliary atresia.

Main Results:

  • Early identification of neonatal cholestasis is vital for effective treatment.
  • Exclusion of life-threatening conditions guides subsequent management.
  • Prompt surgical intervention for biliary atresia correlates with better prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent investigation of neonatal cholestasis is essential.
  • A systematic approach involving bilirubin testing, coagulation assessment, and evaluation for biliary atresia is recommended.
  • Supportive care for optimal growth and complication prevention is critical in managing neonatal cholestasis.