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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage.

Alice Rumbold1, Philippa Middleton, Ning Pan

  • 1The Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, Ground Floor, Norwich Centre, 55 King William Road, Adelaide, NT, Australia, SA 5006.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin supplementation before or during early pregnancy does not prevent miscarriage or stillbirth. However, taking vitamins may increase the chance of multiple pregnancies, with insufficient evidence on other outcomes.

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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Published on: August 4, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
05:16

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Published on: August 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Miscarriage is a common pregnancy complication with various causes.
  • Poor vitamin intake is linked to increased miscarriage risk.
  • Vitamin supplementation may potentially prevent miscarriage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness and safety of vitamin supplementation in preventing spontaneous miscarriage.
  • To evaluate the impact of vitamins on maternal and fetal/infant adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register.
  • Included trials with vitamin supplementation before or in early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks' gestation).

Main Results:

  • 28 trials involving 96,674 women were analyzed.
  • No significant difference in total fetal loss, miscarriage, or stillbirth rates between vitamin groups and controls.
  • Vitamin supplementation was associated with a higher likelihood of multiple pregnancies (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.70).

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin supplementation prior to or in early pregnancy does not reduce miscarriage or stillbirth rates.
  • Increased risk of multiple pregnancy observed with vitamin supplementation.
  • Insufficient evidence exists regarding the effects of specific vitamin combinations on pregnancy outcomes.