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Hot Weather Concreting

Hot Weather Concreting

Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...

Mass Concreting

Mass Concreting

Mass concreting refers to the process of placing large volumes of concrete, such as in gravity dams. The heat generated during the cement hydration process and differential cooling rates within the concrete mass can lead to a temperature gradient, which can result in thermal cracks in the concrete mass.
To reduce the risk of such cracking, the concrete mix may incorporate low-heat cement and pozzolans to reduce the temperature rise. Pre-cooled angular aggregates and water-reducing admixtures...

Curing of Concrete

Curing of Concrete

The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...

Retarders

Retarders

Retarders are chemical admixtures designed to extend the setting time, which is especially useful when there is a delay in sequential concrete pours to prevent cold joints and to achieve a cohesive structure. Retarders, when used in appropriate amounts, can also enhance the architectural appearance of exposed aggregate finishes.
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...

Cold Weather Concreting

Cold Weather Concreting

When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Published on: July 21, 2014

Temperature rises beneath resin composite restorations during curing.

Shlomo Matalon¹, Hagay Slutzky, Nadav Wassersprung

¹Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69948, Israel. matalons@post.tau.ac.il

American Journal of Dentistry

|January 22, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that light emitting diode (LED) curing lights generate more heat than other light curing units (LCU). Thicker materials and greater distances from the light source reduce thermal conductivity.

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Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Published on: July 21, 2014

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering
Thermal Analysis

Background:

Accurate thermal conductivity measurements are crucial for understanding heat generation during dental composite curing.
Different light curing units (LCUs) and material properties can influence thermal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the thermal conductivity of two resin composite restorative materials.
To evaluate the impact of five different light curing units (LCUs) on thermal conductivity.
To investigate the effects of varying material thicknesses and light source distances.

Main Methods:

Two resin composites and five LCUs (3 LED, 1 halogen, 1 plasma arc) were tested.
Thermal conductivity was measured using a K-type thermocouple and digital thermometer.
Material depths (1, 2, 4 mm) and curing distances (0, 3, 6 mm) were analyzed.

Main Results:

Significant differences in temperature rise were observed between the two restorative materials.
Light emitting diode (LED) LCUs exhibited higher thermal emission compared to other tested units.
An inverse relationship was found between material thickness/light source distance and thermal conductivity.

Conclusions:

The choice of LCU significantly impacts heat generation during composite curing.
Material thickness and light source distance are critical factors influencing thermal conductivity.
LEDs demonstrate higher thermal output, necessitating careful consideration in clinical application.