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Related Concept Videos

Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
07:37

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: December 20, 2012

Transmission electron microscopy with a liquid flow cell.

K L Klein1, I M Anderson, N de Jonge

  • 1Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland MD20899-8371, USA. kate.klein@nist.gov

Journal of Microscopy
|January 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study showcases transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of nanoparticles in liquid water using a flow cell. This technique achieves nanometre resolution, enabling observation of nanoscale structures in dynamic chemical environments.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
07:37

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Published on: December 20, 2012

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Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

Published on: October 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Imaging nanoscale structures in liquid environments is crucial for various scientific studies.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers high spatial resolution but typically requires vacuum conditions.
  • Recent advancements include liquid flow holders for TEM, enabling in-situ liquid imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of a liquid flow cell system for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of immobilized nanoparticles.
  • To assess the spatial resolution achievable with this technique in a liquid environment.
  • To investigate the effects of electron irradiation on the liquid sample within the flow cell.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a liquid flow transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holder with a microfluidic cell.
  • Performed both scanning TEM (STEM) and conventional TEM imaging of immobilized nanoparticles.
  • Operated the system with a liquid water layer of micrometre thickness.

Main Results:

  • Achieved spatial resolution of a few nanometres for nanoparticle imaging in liquid water.
  • Identified chromatic aberration, caused by inelastic scattering in water, as a limiting factor for conventional TEM bright-field imaging.
  • Observed displacement of the liquid phase by a gas phase under intense electron irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • TEM imaging using a liquid flow cell is a promising method for in-situ observation of nanoscale structures.
  • The technique allows for dynamic chemical environment control and observation.
  • Further optimization is needed to overcome resolution limitations and understand irradiation effects.