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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Acute pancreatitis in children.

Yi-Jung Chang¹, Hsun-Chin Chao, Man-Shan Kong

¹Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tauyuan, Taiwan.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)

|January 22, 2011

Summary

Severe acute pancreatitis in children is linked to systemic disease and trauma. Identifying these factors and using computed tomography (CT) aids in assessing severity and improving outcomes.

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Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

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A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

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Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

Published on: April 1, 2022

Area of Science:

Pediatric Gastroenterology
Critical Care Medicine
Radiology

Background:

Acute pancreatitis in children presents diagnostic and management challenges.
Understanding risk factors for severe disease is crucial for timely intervention.
Limited data exists on specific clinical, laboratory, and imaging predictors of severity in pediatric pancreatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics associated with severe acute pancreatitis in children.
To evaluate the role of different imaging modalities in assessing pancreatitis severity.
To explore the impact of etiology on pancreatitis severity and outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 180 pediatric patients with acute pancreatitis (1993-2008).
Severity graded using established criteria; clinical, laboratory, and radiological data collected.
Comparison of characteristics between mild and severe pancreatitis cases.

Main Results:

51% of cases (28.3%) were classified as severe acute pancreatitis.
Severe pancreatitis was associated with systemic disease (43.1%) and trauma (25.4%).
Higher body weight, dyspnea, pleural effusion, and lower serum calcium/albumin levels were noted in severe cases. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated higher accuracy than ultrasound for severity assessment.

Conclusions:

Acute pancreatitis in children carries significant morbidity and mortality.
Etiology, particularly systemic disease, influences pancreatitis severity in pediatric patients.
CT is recommended for accurate evaluation of pancreatitis severity in children.