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Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct

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The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro

Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro

Published on: February 7, 2013

Anion secretion by a model epithelium: more lessons from Calu-3.

J Shan¹, J Huang, J Liao

¹Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

|January 22, 2011

Summary

This study reveals that Calu-3 cells, a model for airway secretion, primarily transport chloride ions under physiological conditions, challenging previous assumptions about bicarbonate transport in airway fluid regulation.

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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines

A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines

Published on: June 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Cell biology
Respiratory physiology
Ion transport mechanisms

Background:

Anion transport is crucial for airway fluid secretion and mucociliary clearance.
Submucosal glands are key in airway secretion but are difficult to study.
Calu-3 cells are a widely used model for airway secretion research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anion transport mechanisms in Calu-3 cell monolayers.
To clarify the role of chloride and bicarbonate in Calu-3 cell secretion.
To assess the suitability of Calu-3 cells as a model for native airway submucosal glands.

Main Methods:

Short-circuit current (I(sc)) measurements in Calu-3 monolayers.
Anion flux assays under stimulated conditions.
Comparison of Calu-3 cell secretion with in vivo submucosal gland function.

Main Results:

Calu-3 monolayers exhibit robust cAMP-stimulated anion transport.
While bicarbonate flux accounts for I(sc), chloride is the primary transported anion physiologically.
A novel bicarbonate-dependent chloride transport mechanism is identified in Calu-3 cells.

Conclusions:

Calu-3 cell monolayers more closely resemble native submucosal glands than previously thought.
Chloride, not bicarbonate, is the main anion driving secretion under physiological conditions.
The findings elucidate a new mechanism for epithelial anion transport relevant to airway diseases.