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Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

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Exercise: necessary but not sufficient for improving function and preventing disability?

Julie J Keysor¹, Alana Brembs

¹Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent and Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. jkeysor@bu.edu

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

|January 22, 2011

Summary

Exercise offers modest benefits for strength and pain in older adults and those with knee arthritis, but has little impact on preventing disability. New strategies are needed to directly address disability.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Rheumatology
Exercise Science

Background:

Recent clinical trials and systematic reviews have focused on exercise's impact on functional outcomes in older adults and adults with knee arthritis.
Understanding of exercise's effects on these populations has evolved over the past decade.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize recent evidence on exercise and functional outcomes in older adults and adults with knee arthritis.
To assess whether the relationship between exercise and functional outcomes is better understood now compared to ten years ago.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of recent clinical trials.
Analysis of existing systematic reviews.

Main Results:

Progressive resistance training and aerobic programs show modest benefits for strength, pain, and function in both target populations.
Few randomized controlled trials have specifically investigated disability-level outcomes.
Studies examining disability outcomes rarely demonstrate a significant beneficial effect of exercise.

Conclusions:

Current evidence indicates minimal to no effect of exercise interventions on disability prevention.
Exercise programs may require modification to effectively prevent or minimize disability.
Alternative strategies may be necessary for directly addressing disability.