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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Multiple primary endocrine failure: a case report.

J V Mackel, E H Krikke

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 22, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndrome type III is a rare condition. This case highlights its presentation with macrocytic anemia and subsequent endocrine issues, offering diagnostic and management insights.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
    07:43

    Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

    Published on: January 17, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Immunology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndrome (APDS) encompasses a group of rare disorders characterized by autoimmune-mediated dysfunction of multiple endocrine glands.
    • Type III APDS is a specific subtype, often presenting with varying combinations of endocrine deficiencies and autoimmune conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a clinical case of type III autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndrome.
    • To detail the initial presentation and progression of endocrine abnormalities.
    • To provide recommendations for diagnostic workup and ongoing management.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report detailing clinical history, laboratory findings, and diagnostic investigations.
    • Review of relevant literature on type III autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndrome.

    Main Results:

    • The patient initially presented with macrocytic anemia, a less common initial manifestation.
    • Subsequent development of other endocrine abnormalities confirmed the diagnosis of type III APDS.
    • The case illustrates the diagnostic challenges and the importance of comprehensive endocrine evaluation.

    Conclusions:

    • Type III autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndrome can present insidiously with non-specific symptoms like macrocytic anemia.
    • Early and thorough investigation is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of APDS.
    • Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for new endocrine or autoimmune manifestations.