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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
04:08

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Published on: June 27, 2025

Miscarriage.

S H Jorgensen, M Klein

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 22, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Early pregnancy loss may be more common than previously thought, with new diagnostic methods revealing higher rates of post-implantation embryo loss. This review covers causes, evaluation, and treatment of spontaneous abortion, offering support for women experiencing pregnancy loss.

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    Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
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    Published on: August 4, 2021

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    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
    04:08

    Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

    Published on: June 27, 2025

    Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
    05:16

    Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

    Published on: August 4, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Embryology
    • Obstetrics

    Background:

    • Recent diagnostic advancements indicate a significantly higher incidence of early pregnancy loss.
    • Post-implantation embryo loss may occur at rates four times greater than the previously accepted 15%-20%.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the causes of spontaneous abortion.
    • To outline the clinical evaluation and treatment strategies for spontaneous abortion.
    • To provide guidance for healthcare providers counseling women experiencing pregnancy loss.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of spontaneous abortion causes.
    • Summary of clinical diagnostic approaches.
    • Overview of current treatment modalities.
    • Guidance on patient communication and support.

    Main Results:

    • Early pregnancy loss, particularly post-implantation, is more prevalent than historically recognized.
    • Various etiological factors contribute to spontaneous abortion.
    • Effective clinical evaluation and management protocols exist.
    • Supportive counseling is crucial for affected women.

    Conclusions:

    • The understanding of early pregnancy loss has evolved with new diagnostic capabilities.
    • Comprehensive management involves accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and empathetic patient care.
    • Addressing the emotional impact of pregnancy loss is a critical component of care.