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Related Concept Videos

Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts01:26

Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts

The respiratory zone of the human body, which stands in contrast to the conducting zone, comprises the structures that actively participate in the exchange of gases. The initiation of this zone is marked by the terminal bronchioles converging into respiratory bronchioles, the tiniest bronchiole classification. The respiratory bronchioles give way to the alveolar ducts that opens into a congregation of alveoli. Actively involved in gas exchange, alveoli resemble tiny sacs similar to clusters of...
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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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External and Internal Respiration

External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
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The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Isolation of Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells from Neonatal, Juvenile, and Adult Murine Lungs Adaptable to Infectious Experimental Settings
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Lung interstitial cells during alveolarization.

Chang Won Choi1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Journal of Pediatrics
|January 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants can stem from arrested alveolarization. Understanding lung interstitial cells

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pulmonary Research

Background:

  • Neonatal medicine advances improve survival for extremely low-birth-weight infants.
  • While classical bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence decreases, a new form marked by impaired alveolarization persists.
  • Arrested alveolarization is a key complication in extremely low-birth-weight infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the mechanisms of alveolarization.
  • To elucidate the role of lung interstitial cells in alveolarization.
  • To discuss control mechanisms of lung interstitial cell differentiation and migration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on alveolarization and BPD.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular processes involved in lung development.
Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaLung developmentMyofibroblast

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  • Focus on the cross-talk between mesenchymal and epithelial cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Alveolarization requires precise coordination of cells, mediators, and genes.
    • Lung interstitial cells, particularly myofibroblasts, are crucial for secondary septation.
    • Myofibroblast differentiation and migration are tightly regulated.

    Conclusions:

    • Disruption of lung interstitial cell control leads to abnormal alveolarization and BPD.
    • Understanding these mechanisms can guide targeted therapeutic strategies for BPD.
    • Further research into lung interstitial cells offers potential for novel BPD treatments.