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DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Pediatric sciatic neuropathy associated with neoplasms.

Hugh J McMillan1, Jayashri Srinivasan, Basil T Darras

  • 1Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|January 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric sciatic neuropathy linked to cancer can cause foot drop. Recovery is possible for survivors, with outcomes depending on the specific cancer and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Nerve Pathology

Background:

  • Sciatic neuropathy in children is uncommon and often associated with underlying conditions.
  • Neoplasms can affect the sciatic nerve through direct infiltration, intrinsic tumors, or iatrogenic injury.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and outcomes is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on seven pediatric cases of sciatic neuropathy associated with neoplasms.
  • To describe the clinical, electrophysiological, imaging, and pathological findings.
  • To evaluate the prognosis and potential for nerve recovery following cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis of seven children with sciatic neuropathy and neoplasm.
  • Review of clinical presentations, neurological examinations, and electrodiagnostic studies.
  • Correlation of imaging, pathology, and/or autopsy findings with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Common symptoms included pain and weakness, predominantly foot drop.
  • Mechanisms involved direct nerve infiltration (neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leukemia/lymphoma), intrinsic tumors (perineurioma), and intraoperative stretch injury (osteosarcoma).
  • Prognosis for sciatic nerve recovery was favorable in cancer survivors; three children died from cancer or treatment complications.

Conclusions:

  • Sciatic neuropathy in children can be a presenting sign of underlying neoplasms.
  • Nerve infiltration, intrinsic tumors, and surgical injury are key mechanisms.
  • Successful cancer treatment offers a good prognosis for sciatic nerve recovery in pediatric patients.