Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

07:35
A β-glucuronidase (GUS) Based Cell Death Assay
Published on: May 6, 2011
[Suicide with a manipulated hand grenade]
Johanna Preuss-Wössner1, Jürgen Kroll
1Institut für Rechtsmedizin des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein.
Summary
This case study details a rare civilian suicide involving a modified hand grenade. The explosive charge was improvised from readily available fire-cracker powder, not standard trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Area of Science:
- Forensic Pathology
- Toxicology
- Ballistics
Background:
- Civilian explosion injuries are infrequent.
- This report details an unusual suicide case involving a manipulated hand grenade.
Observation:
- The victim sustained massive soot blackening, singeing, and splinter injuries.
- Evidence suggested the use of black powder from fire-crackers instead of standard trinitrotoluene (TNT).
- The victim was found in a sitting position, having detonated the grenade with his right hand.
Findings:
- The grenade was modified using parts from multiple devices and commercially available black powder.
- The victim died from a fractured femur and liver lacerations.
- High blood alcohol content (2.5 per mille) and numerous unlicensed weapons in the residence indicated suicide under severe intoxication.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potential for improvised explosive devices using accessible materials.
- Forensic analysis is crucial in distinguishing between standard and manipulated explosive devices.
- The findings underscore the importance of regulating access to materials that can be used to create improvised explosive devices.
Related Concept Videos
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Autophagic Cell Death
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
The Stanford Prison Experiment
The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.

