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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and improved bladder function after bladder outlet obstruction: preliminary data.

Lynn L Woo1, Stacy T Tanaka, Govindaraj Anumanthan

  • 1Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-9820, USA.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improved bladder function after obstruction by reducing hypoxia and fibrosis. MSC recruitment, potentially driven by CCL2, suggests a therapeutic role for MSCs in bladder injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Urology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) leads to detrusor smooth muscle hypertrophy, fibrosis, and reduced compliance.
  • Hypoxia and decreased blood flow contribute to BOO-induced bladder decompensation.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic potential in various organ injury models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate MSC recruitment in a mouse model of BOO.
  • To assess the impact of MSCs on bladder hypoxia, histology, and function post-BOO.
  • To identify chemokines involved in MSC recruitment.

Main Methods:

  • Female mice underwent BOO and received intravenous MSCs labeled with green fluorescent protein.
  • Urodynamic and histological evaluations were performed after 4 weeks.
  • Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyzed chemokine expression (CCL2, CCL20, CCL25, CXCL9, CXCL16).

Main Results:

  • MSCs were identified in the detrusor of 10/15 surviving mice.
  • MSC engraftment was associated with decreased hypoxia, hypertrophy, and fibrosis.
  • Improved bladder compliance was observed in mice with MSC engraftment (9.6±5.1 vs 3.9±2.6 μl/cm H2O).
  • CCL2 expression increased twofold, while other chemokine levels remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • MSC recruitment to the obstructed bladder correlates with improved blood flow and reduced hypoxia.
  • These changes may contribute to improved bladder histology and function.
  • CCL2 overexpression may mediate MSC recruitment, suggesting MSC-based therapy for BOO-related bladder injury.