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Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Presurgical epilepsy localization with interictal cerebral dysfunction.

Thomas R Henry¹, Deborah D Roman

¹Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. trhenry@umn.edu

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B

|January 25, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

FDG PET and neuropsychological testing aid epilepsy surgery planning by localizing brain dysfunction. These methods supplement EEG and MRI, improving seizure outcome predictions and identifying surgical risks.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Nuclear Medicine

Background:

Epilepsy surgery planning relies on electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Interictal cerebral dysfunction localization is crucial for surgical guidance.
Refractory epilepsy cases often require advanced imaging and functional assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-D-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and neuropsychological examination in epilepsy surgery planning.
To assess the role of FDG PET in MRI-negative mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
To determine the prognostic value of FDG PET for seizure freedom and cognitive risks.

Main Methods:

Utilized FDG PET to identify cerebral hypometabolism.
Correlated FDG PET findings with electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Employed neuropsychological testing to assess cognitive function and predict surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

FDG PET and neuropsychological testing supplement EEG and MRI in surgical planning.
In MRI-negative epilepsy, temporal lobe hypometabolism correlated with EEG supports resection without intracranial monitoring.
FDG PET has a greater positive than negative predictive value for postoperative seizure freedom.
Neuropsychological evaluation is critical for assessing surgical benefit and predicting cognitive risks, particularly for left temporal resections.

Conclusions:

FDG PET and neuropsychological evaluations are valuable adjuncts in epilepsy surgery planning.
These methods aid in localizing ictal onset zones and prognosticating outcomes.
Neuropsychological testing is essential for predicting and mitigating cognitive deficits post-surgery.