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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in visual...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Embodied cognition and the perception-action link.

Bruce Bridgeman1, Philip Tseng

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. bruceb@ucsc.edu

Physics of Life Reviews
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perception enables survival by helping organisms learn about and interact with their environment. Active engagement, like using eye muscles for saccades, enhances visual perception and memory, highlighting perception as an active process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception
  • Behavioral Biology

Background:

  • Perception is crucial for survival, enabling environmental learning and real-time behavioral control.
  • Perceptual systems are adapted to an organism's ecological niche.
  • Embodied perception links sensory input with motor output, particularly evident in eye movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of embodied perception and action in survival.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying visual stability during eye movements.
  • To understand the contribution of visual short-term memory to space constancy.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the function of eye muscles, specifically saccades (controlled eye movements).
  • Examined the perception of world stability despite retinal image displacement during saccades.
  • Investigated the role of visual short-term memory and change detection.

Main Results:

  • World perception remains stable during saccades, a phenomenon termed space constancy.
  • Space constancy relies on visual short-term memory.
  • Physical interaction with stimuli enhances visual memory and change detection.

Conclusions:

  • Perception is an active, embodied process, not a passive reception of information.
  • Active engagement and interaction are key to effective perception and memory.
  • Visual short-term memory is fundamental for maintaining a stable visual world.