Plasminogen activation at low temperatures in plasma samples containing therapeutic concentrations of tissue-type...

It is known that in vitro plasminogen activation in blood samples taken during thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) may lead to artefactually low fibrinogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin values. To mimic this phenomenon, pooled normal plasma was supplemented with 2.5 micrograms/ml t-PA and incubated at various temperatures. The rates of fibrinogen degradation and alpha 2-antiplasmin consumption were most pronounced at 37 degrees C, were less pronounced at 25 degrees C, but surprisingly, did not further decrease at 10 degrees C, 0 degrees C or -8 degrees C. In contrast, when plasma was supplemented with 160 IU/ml urokinase or 30 IU/ml streptokinase, the rates of fibrinogen degradation and alpha 2-antiplasmin consumption gradually decreased with incubation temperature and were negligible at 10 degrees C and lower temperatures. The rate of plasminogen activation also decreased gradually with temperature in mixtures of purified fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin and t-PA. These results imply that, in a plasma milieu, additional factors with a stimulatory activity are involved in t-PA-induced plasminogen activation at around 0 degrees C. The abnormally high reaction rate at low temperatures explains in vitro plasminogen activation observed during the processing of t-PA-containing blood samples. In contrast to the activation of plasminogen by t-PA, the slow inhibition of t-PA (2.5 micrograms/ml) by proteinase inhibitors in plasma could be minimized to a negligible level by keeping the plasma samples at 0 degrees C. This makes it possible to reliably monitor t-PA activity during thrombolytic therapy.