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Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Displacement Analysis of Myocardial Mechanical Deformation (DIAMOND) Reveals Segmental Heterogeneity of Cardiac Function in Embryonic Zebrafish
09:15

Displacement Analysis of Myocardial Mechanical Deformation (DIAMOND) Reveals Segmental Heterogeneity of Cardiac Function in Embryonic Zebrafish

Published on: February 6, 2020

Cardiac Z-disc signaling network.

Derk Frank1, Norbert Frey

  • 1Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The cardiac z-disc, once seen only as structural, is now known to be crucial for cardiomyocyte signaling and disease. This review covers new discoveries in z-disc biology and its role in heart conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Cardiology

Background:

  • The cardiac z-disc was traditionally considered a passive structural element at the sarcomere's edge.
  • Recent research highlights the z-disc's active role in cardiomyocyte signaling pathways.
  • Dysfunction of the z-disc is implicated in various cardiac diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding cardiac z-disc biology.
  • To explore novel components and their functions within the z-disc.
  • To elucidate the z-disc's role as a signaling nexus in cardiac health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of findings on z-disc components and their functional implications.

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Immunostaining of Dissected Zebrafish Embryonic Heart

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Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Capture 4-Dimensional Images of the Effects of Modulating Shear Stress on the Developing Zebrafish Heart
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Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Capture 4-Dimensional Images of the Effects of Modulating Shear Stress on the Developing Zebrafish Heart

Published on: August 10, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Displacement Analysis of Myocardial Mechanical Deformation (DIAMOND) Reveals Segmental Heterogeneity of Cardiac Function in Embryonic Zebrafish
09:15

Displacement Analysis of Myocardial Mechanical Deformation (DIAMOND) Reveals Segmental Heterogeneity of Cardiac Function in Embryonic Zebrafish

Published on: February 6, 2020

Immunostaining of Dissected Zebrafish Embryonic Heart
06:23

Immunostaining of Dissected Zebrafish Embryonic Heart

Published on: January 10, 2012

Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Capture 4-Dimensional Images of the Effects of Modulating Shear Stress on the Developing Zebrafish Heart
06:51

Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Capture 4-Dimensional Images of the Effects of Modulating Shear Stress on the Developing Zebrafish Heart

Published on: August 10, 2018

  • Analysis of the z-disc's involvement in cardiac signaling and pathology.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of novel proteins and molecular complexes associated with the cardiac z-disc.
    • Elucidation of the z-disc's dynamic role in mechanotransduction and calcium handling.
    • Demonstration of the z-disc's critical involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies.

    Conclusions:

    • The cardiac z-disc is a dynamic signaling hub, not just a structural anchor.
    • Understanding z-disc biology offers new therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases.
    • Future research should focus on the intricate molecular network of the z-disc.