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Related Concept Videos

The Colonization of Land02:22

The Colonization of Land

Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
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Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Inheritance

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Stereotaxic Surgery for Genetic Manipulation in Striatal Cells of Neonatal Mouse Brains
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Published on: July 10, 2018

Coup d'Etat: an orphan takes control.

Fu-Jung Lin1, Jun Qin, Ke Tang

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas 77030, USA. mtsai@bcm.edu

Endocrine Reviews
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) are orphan receptors crucial for development and metabolism. This review details COUP-TFII

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) are orphan nuclear receptors.
  • Two distinct genes, COUP-TFI (NR2F1) and COUP-TFII (NR2F2), have been identified.
  • COUP-TFs lack known natural ligands, hence their classification as orphan receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the biological functions of COUP-TFII.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of COUP-TFII in development and disease.
  • To briefly summarize current findings on COUP-TFI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on COUP-TFII and COUP-TFI.
  • Analysis of physiological roles in cell-fate specification, organogenesis, angiogenesis, and metabolism.

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  • Examination of involvement in various disease pathologies.

    • Main Results:

    • COUP-TFII plays significant roles in diverse developmental processes.
    • Mechanisms of COUP-TFII action are implicated in multiple diseases.
    • COUP-TFI also exhibits important physiological functions.

    Conclusions:

    • COUP-TFII is a critical regulator in development and disease.
    • Further research into COUP-TF mechanisms can offer therapeutic insights.
    • Understanding COUP-TFs is vital for comprehending cellular and organismal homeostasis.