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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
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Published on: November 25, 2015

Dynamic DNA nanotechnology using strand-displacement reactions.

David Yu Zhang1, Georg Seelig

  • 1Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Room 530, Boston, Massachussetts 02115, USA. David.Zhang@wyss.harvard.edu

Nature Chemistry
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

DNA nanotechnology utilizes base pairing for nanoscale engineering. Strand-displacement reactions enable dynamic DNA devices like motors and circuits, offering kinetic control over molecular pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Engineering
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • DNA's specific Watson-Crick base pairing is fundamental for nanoscale engineering.
  • DNA nanotechnology has evolved from static structures to dynamic systems.
  • Programmed hybridization of complementary DNA strands is key to nanostructure construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review DNA strand-displacement-based devices.
  • To explore the diverse dynamic behaviors achievable through DNA strand displacement.
  • To highlight the versatility of DNA strand displacement in engineering dynamic nanodevices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on DNA strand-displacement reactions.
  • Analysis of rationally designed DNA nanodevices.
  • Examination of kinetic control mechanisms in DNA systems.

Main Results:

  • DNA strand displacement enables the creation of dynamic nanodevices.
  • This mechanism allows for kinetic control over reaction pathways.
  • A surprising diversity of dynamic behaviors can arise from this simple mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • DNA strand-displacement reactions are a powerful tool for engineering dynamic nanoscale systems.
  • The programmed hybridization of DNA offers versatile applications in molecular devices.
  • Further exploration of DNA strand displacement can unlock novel dynamic behaviors and applications.