Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

A parainfluenza-3 outbreak in a SCT unit: sepsis with multi-organ failure and multiple co-pathogens are associated

A Hodson1, M Kasliwal, M Streetly

  • 1Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Bone Marrow Transplantation
|January 25, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3) infections pose a high mortality risk in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Prompt risk assessment and broad-spectrum antimicrobials are crucial for managing PIV-3 in these vulnerable patients.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Transplant Medicine

Background:

  • Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3) is a significant pathogen following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
  • Reported PIV-3 infection rates post-HSCT range from 2-7%, with mortality between 18-33%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze outcomes of PIV-3 infection during an outbreak in a transplant unit.
  • To identify factors associated with mortality in HSCT patients with PIV-3 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective outcome analysis of 16 HSCT patients diagnosed with PIV-3 infection.
  • Evaluation of treatment protocols including aerosolized Ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
  • Statistical analysis to determine factors associated with PIV-3 related mortality.

Main Results:

  • All 16 patients experienced upper respiratory tract infections; 8 developed lower respiratory tract infections.
  • Overall mortality was 62.5%, significantly higher than previously reported.
  • Sepsis with multi-organ failure and pulmonary co-pathogens were significantly associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions:

  • PIV-3 infection carries a high mortality rate in HSCT recipients.
  • Despite infection control, PIV-3 remains a threat.
  • Risk assessment and prompt broad-spectrum antimicrobial use are recommended for high-risk patients to mitigate secondary infections and mortality.

More Related Videos

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice10:47

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

Published on: April 14, 2011

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include: