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Dispositional Mindfulness, Meditation, and Conditional Goal Setting.

Catherine Crane, Danka Jandric, Thorsten Barnhofer

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background:

Conditional goal setting (CGS) is linked to depression.
Mindfulness interventions are used for depression.
Previous research suggests a link between mindfulness and CGS in depressed patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if mindfulness interventions alter CGS in depressed patients.
To examine the correlation between changes in dispositional mindfulness and CGS.
To explore the impact of brief meditation practices on CGS in healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

Study 1: Longitudinal study of patients in a Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) trial, correlating changes in mindfulness and CGS.
Study 2: Experimental study with healthy participants exposed to brief breathing or loving-kindness meditation, assessing CGS.
Statistical analyses were used to determine associations and effects.

Main Results:

Increased dispositional mindfulness was associated with decreased CGS in the MBCT trial.
Brief loving-kindness meditation, but not breathing meditation, increased CGS in healthy participants low in goal re-engagement.
The positive association between mindfulness and CGS reduction was not solely attributable to MBCT.

Conclusions:

Longer-term increases in mindfulness correlate with reduced CGS in individuals with depressed mood.
Initial responses to meditation, especially loving-kindness, can be counterintuitive.
Further research is needed to understand the relationship between initial meditation reactions and long-term benefits.