Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Serum Tsukushi level is negatively associated with cholesterol efflux capacity in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a cross-sectional study.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Serum Tsukushi Level Is Associated With the Severity of Liver Fibrosis Independent of Type 2 Diabetes.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2023
Same author

Pandemic Readiness: Disparities Among New York City Residents Living in the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness·2023
Same author

Intranasal Theophylline: Potential Treatment for Long COVID Olfactory Dysfunction?

The Annals of pharmacotherapy·2023
Same author

Effect of type 2 diabetes on the inducible degrader of LDL receptor.

Journal of lipid research·2023
Same author

Addressing Clinical and Therapeutic Inertia Through Comprehensive Medication Review.

The Senior care pharmacist·2022
Same journal

The Vessels Shaping Mental Health or Illness.

The open neurology journal·2019
Same journal

Alzheimer´s Disease in the Perspective of Neuroimmunology.

The open neurology journal·2018
Same journal

Dystonia in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 - Machado-Joseph disease: An Underestimated Diagnosis?

The open neurology journal·2018
Same journal

The Rationale for Monitoring Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Practical Issues for Clinicians.

The open neurology journal·2018
Same journal

Cognitive and Language Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: Comparison of Relapsing Remitting and Secondary Progressive Subtypes.

The open neurology journal·2018
Same journal

A High-fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Potentiates Oxidative Damage in Hippocampus of Mice Lacking Apolipoprotein E.

The open neurology journal·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Disease modifying agents for multiple sclerosis.

Olga Hilas1, Priti N Patel, Sum Lam

  • 1St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Queens, NY, USA.

The Open Neurology Journal
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disease modifying agents for multiple sclerosis (MS) show varied efficacy. Interferon beta is a primary treatment for relapsing-remitting MS, while newer agents offer promising future options.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisdisease modifying therapyglatiramerimmune modulatorsinterferon betamitoxantronenatalizumab.

More Related Videos

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, complex neurological disease.
  • Treatment of MS involves disease-modifying agents to manage symptoms and progression.
  • Evaluating the efficacy and safety of these agents is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize clinical trial data on approved disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety profiles of various MS treatments.
  • To identify emerging therapies for future multiple sclerosis management.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and clinicaltrials.gov.
  • Inclusion of English-language articles from 1966 to August 2008.
  • Evaluation of clinical relevance and evidence-based strength of identified studies.

Main Results:

  • Interferon beta products demonstrate high efficacy in relapsing-remitting MS.
  • Glatiramer and natalizumab are effective for relapsing MS; mitoxantrone suits advanced disease.
  • Limited comparative data exists, but new agents show promise for future MS treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Interferon beta remains a cornerstone therapy for many MS patients.
  • Other agents are comparably effective in managing diverse MS types.
  • Ongoing research into novel compounds offers hope for improved MS clinical management.