[Detection of light intensity in the frog retina: evidence from dark and light adaptation]

The frog retina was stimulated with light flashes homogeneous in space but not time. The time heterogeneity of stimulation was created by abrupt change of a referent stimulus for a stimulus with different luminance. Such changes form a time pattern, as well as sharp borders of luminance between the neighbor areas of the visual field form a spatial pattern. The electroretinogram recorded in response to presentation of a triad of stimuli: the onset of a short flash of homogeneous light after long dark (or light) adaptation of a retina, brief sequence of the referent and test light flashes varied in luminance, and the offset, with returning to the initial level of adaptation. It was shown that responses of the retina under conditions of time heterogeneity of stimulation could be divided in two types as well as under conditions of spatial heterogeneity. Such a dual change in amplitude confirms our earlier hypothesis on the existence of two mechanisms of luminance coding in the frog retina. The first mechanism encodes power characteristics of light, it forms the information on the absolute level of the environmental luminance. Its activity is connected basically with receptors and cells of the external plexiform layer of the frog's retina. It is responsible for the b-wave of the electroretinogram. The other mechanism associated with RERG is based on a vector code of stimuli. This mechanism forms the information on spatial and time differentiation of the light flow in the visual field and is connected basically with cells of the internal plexiform layer. The results suggest that the frog retina has the individual mechanism for time pattern detection, distinguishing it from the homogeneous light flow in a similar way as in case of spatial light pattern detection. It is possible that the first mechanism is responsible for the detection of any new stimulus in general, irrespective of its specificity, whereas the second mechanism serves for the measurement of suprathreshold differences between stimuli.