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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Transactional problem content in cost discounting: parallel effects for probability and delay.

Stephen Jones1, Mike Oaksford

  • 1Department of Psychological Science, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transactional content significantly impacts decision-making by altering how people discount costs over time and probability. Unlike gambles, transactions show that as costs increase, discounting decreases due to the linked gain of the purchased item.

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Area of Science:

  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Decision-making research often uses gambles, but content can influence choices even with constant values and probabilities.
  • Transactions, involving a cost linked to a gain, were hypothesized to affect discounting similarly to gambles.
  • Existing decision theories struggle to explain how gain amounts oppositely affect delay and probabilistic discounting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how transactional content influences temporal and probabilistic discounting of costs.
  • To compare the effects of transactional content with gamble content on decision-making.
  • To examine whether decision theories adequately account for content effects in discounting.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted, with three focusing on transactional content and one on gambles.
  • Participants evaluated costs associated with transactions and gambles under varying temporal and probabilistic conditions.
  • Methodological factors were controlled in a second experiment to validate findings.

Main Results:

  • Transactional content led to parallel effects in temporal and probabilistic discounting: higher costs resulted in less discounting.
  • This effect was attributed to the linked gain of the purchased commodity, increasing its perceived value.
  • Gamble content showed no temporal discounting effect but did show a probabilistic discounting effect due to implicit linked gains.

Conclusions:

  • The content of choices, particularly the presence of a linked gain in transactions, significantly affects discounting behavior.
  • Findings challenge established decision theories, suggesting they need refinement to incorporate content-specific effects.
  • Future research should prioritize understanding the influence of content on decision-making processes.