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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle01:18

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
Diastole: The Relaxation Phase
During diastole, all four heart chambers relax. The atrioventricular (AV) valves open, and the semilunar valves close. This phase sees the lowest chamber pressures, promoting ventricular filling. Venous blood enters the heart through the...
Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and empty blood into the...

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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

A graphical simulation software for instruction in cardiovascular mechanics physiology.

Reto A Wildhaber1, François Verrey, Roland H Wenger

  • 1Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

Biomedical Engineering Online
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new interactive software, CLabUZH, models cardiovascular mechanics for physiology education. This user-friendly tool enhances student understanding of circulation dynamics and heart function, offering an updated, graphical learning experience.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Medical Education
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Interactive e-learning systems are prevalent in physiology education.
  • Existing cardiovascular mechanics software lacks compatibility with modern systems.
  • An updated, validated, and user-friendly tool was needed for students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a new interactive software for teaching cardiovascular mechanics.
  • To provide an up-to-date graphical tool for undergraduate and graduate physiology students.
  • To offer a validated and field-tested replacement for outdated software.

Main Methods:

  • Developed new Windows-compatible software (CLabUZH) using modified mathematical algorithms.
  • Tested the software during a full term of physiology lectures for medical and biology students.
  • Ensured the software is self-contained and runs on most personal computers without extra installation.

Main Results:

  • CLabUZH models a human cardiovascular loop with key components (heart, vessels, resistors).
  • Students can interactively adjust physiological parameters, visualizing outputs in diagrams and animations.
  • The software demonstrates relationships between volume, pressure, time, and ECG, incorporating concepts like Frank-Starling Law and Windkessel Effect.

Conclusions:

  • CLabUZH is a user-friendly, interactive program effective for teaching fundamental cardiovascular mechanics principles.
  • The software provides valuable insights into circulatory dynamics and their correlation with the electrocardiogram.
  • It serves as a useful educational resource for students in physiology.