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Antiphospholipid syndrome: unusual clinical presentations
1Professor of Haematology and Head of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Polwarth, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, Scotland. m.greaves@abdn.ac.uk
Thrombosis Research
|January 26, 2011
Summary
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) presents with common clotting and pregnancy issues. However, many rare complications are reported, some with unclear links to antiphospholipid antibodies, necessitating careful diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Hematology
Background:
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is known for thrombotic events and pregnancy complications.
- The literature includes numerous reports of less common APS associations.
- The pathogenic role of antiphospholipid antibodies in these rarer manifestations is not always clear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and clarify the spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome manifestations.
- To distinguish established complications from uncertain associations.
- To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis in managing APS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of antiphospholipid syndrome manifestations.
- Analysis of reported associations and their frequency.
- Evaluation of the evidence for pathogenic roles of antiphospholipid antibodies.
Main Results:
- Typical thrombotic and obstetric complications are well-documented.
- Numerous rarer associations are reported, with varying degrees of evidence.
- The etiological contribution of antiphospholipid antibodies to some complications remains debated.
Conclusions:
- Distinguishing established from uncertain APS complications is crucial.
- Accurate diagnosis prevents diagnostic delays and inappropriate treatments.
- Further research is needed to clarify the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in rare APS manifestations.
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