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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
16:56

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

Sublingual vaccination.

Cecil Czerkinsky1, Nicolas Cuburu, Mi-Na Kweon

  • 1Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea. cczerkinsky@ivi.int

Human Vaccines
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sublingual immunization effectively induces broad immune responses comparable to nasal vaccines without directing antigens to the brain. This preclinical research supports human trials for sublingual vaccine delivery.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • The sublingual route is a well-established method for drug delivery.
  • Sublingual vaccine delivery has been largely unexplored until recently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical evidence on the efficacy of sublingual immunization.
  • To assess the potential of the sublingual route for inducing systemic and mucosal immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies using animal models.
  • Evaluation of various antigen types (soluble proteins, particulate antigens, live-attenuated viruses).
  • Assessment of immune responses including humoral and cytotoxic T-cell activity.

Main Results:

  • Sublingual immunization successfully induced broad immune responses in animal models.
  • Responses were comparable to nasal immunization in magnitude, breadth, and dissemination.
  • Unlike nasal administration, sublingual delivery did not redirect antigens or adjuvants to the brain.

Conclusions:

  • Sublingual immunization is a promising strategy for inducing protective immunity.
  • The sublingual route offers a safe alternative to nasal delivery, avoiding potential neuro-targeting.
  • Preclinical findings provide a strong rationale for human clinical trials of sublingual vaccines.