Polarization independent quasi-phase-matched sum frequency generation for single photon detection

Polarization independent sum frequency generation (SFG) is proposed in an electro-optic (EO) tunable periodically poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN). The PPLN consists of four sections. External electric field could be selectively applied to them to induce polarization rotation between the ordinary and extraordinary waves. If the domain structure is well designed, the signal wave with an arbitrary polarization state could realize efficient frequency up-conversion as long as a z-polarized pump wave is selected. The applications in single photon detection and optical communications are discussed.