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Transition mode long period grating biosensor with functional multilayer coatings.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Biosensing
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Label-free biosensing is crucial for real-time biomolecular interaction analysis.
  • Long Period Gratings (LPGs) offer potential for biosensing but require precise optical tuning and surface functionalization.
  • Existing methods often struggle to optimize both optical properties and surface chemistry simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced platform for label-free biosensing using overlayered LPGs.
  • To decouple surface functionalization from optical tuning in LPG-based sensors.
  • To achieve high sensitivity and stable bioreceptor immobilization.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of multilayered LPGs using dip-coating with a solvent/nonsolvent strategy.
  • Deposition of a high refractive index primary layer (atactic polystyrene) for optical tuning.
  • Application of a functional secondary layer (poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)) for bioreceptor attachment.
  • Utilized EDC/NHS chemistry for streptavidin immobilization and real-time monitoring of biotin-streptavidin interactions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved state-of-the-art-competitive sensitivity to changes in the surrounding medium's refractive index.
  • Successfully decoupled surface functionalization from optical tuning via a multilayer design.
  • Demonstrated stable covalent attachment of streptavidin using carboxyl groups on the functional layer.
  • Successfully monitored streptavidin-biotinylated bovine serum albumin affinity assays in real-time.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multilayered LPG platform enables efficient and sensitive label-free biosensing.
  • The innovative design allows for independent optimization of optical and surface properties.
  • This approach provides a robust method for bioreceptor immobilization and real-time biomolecular detection.