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Sub-μm2 power splitters by using silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides.

Jianwei Wang1, Xiaowei Guan, Yingran He

  • 1Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Optics Express
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
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This study presents compact nano-scale power splitters using silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides. These devices, based on multimode interference and Y-branch structures, offer broad bandwidth and tunable splitting ratios for optical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanophotonics
  • Integrated Optics
  • Plasmonics

Background:

  • Nano-scale optical devices are crucial for miniaturizing photonic integrated circuits.
  • Silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides offer a platform for subwavelength light confinement and manipulation.
  • Efficient power splitting is fundamental for various optical signal processing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and simulate nano-scale power splitters utilizing multimode interference (MMI) and Y-branch structures.
  • To achieve compact device footprints and broad operational bandwidths.
  • To enable tunable power splitting ratios for versatile optical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Design of silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides.
  • Utilizing multimode interference (MMI) effect and Y-branch structures.

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  • Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for simulation and optimization.
  • Analysis of fabrication tolerances and bandwidth.

    • Main Results:

    • A 1x2 50:50 MMI power splitter with a nano-scale size of 650 nm × 530 nm.
    • A compact Y-branch power splitter measuring approximately 900 nm × 600 nm.
    • Broad bandwidth exceeding 500 nm and large fabrication tolerance (waveguide width > ±50 nm).
    • Tunable power splitting ratios from 97.1%:2.9% to 1.7%:98.3% using a 2x2 two-mode interference coupler and 84%:16% to 16%:84% using an asymmetric Y-branch.
    • A 1x4 power splitter with a footprint of 1.9 μm × 2.6 μm was demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • Nano-scale power splitters based on Si hybrid plasmonic waveguides are feasible and offer significant advantages in size and performance.
    • The proposed MMI and Y-branch designs provide compact, broadband, and tunable solutions for optical power division.
    • These devices hold promise for advanced integrated photonic circuits and optical signal processing systems.