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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Ptychographic coherent x-ray diffractive imaging in the water window.

K Giewekemeyer1, M Beckers, T Gorniak

  • 1Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Optics Express
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging (PCDI) reconstructs complex sample transmission functions using soft x-rays. This technique achieved 50 nm resolution for biological and test samples, overcoming soft x-ray challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Microscopy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Coherent x-ray diffractive microscopy (CXDM) reconstructs object transmission functions without optics.
  • Ptychography extends CXDM to image extended specimens.
  • Soft x-ray imaging in the water window offers high contrast for biological samples due to carbon and oxygen scattering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging (PCDI) in the soft x-ray regime.
  • To achieve high-resolution imaging of biological and fabricated samples using PCDI.
  • To identify and discuss experimental challenges specific to soft x-ray PCDI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging (PCDI) at soft x-ray wavelengths (517 eV).
  • Reconstructed the complex sample transmission function of a fossil diatom.
  • Imaged a lithographically fabricated test sample to assess resolution.

Main Results:

  • Successfully reconstructed the complex transmission function of a fossil diatom.
  • Achieved a resolution of approximately 50 nm (half-period length) for a test sample.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of PCDI in the soft x-ray water window.

Conclusions:

  • PCDI is a viable technique for high-resolution soft x-ray imaging of biological and fabricated samples.
  • The study provides a proof-of-principle for soft x-ray PCDI.
  • Further research is needed to address the experimental and technical challenges of soft x-ray PCDI.