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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
Several...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Hyposensitization therapy.

A Leznoff

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 26, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hyposensitization therapy effectively treats allergic diseases like asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. This immunotherapy, when using standardized antigens, is proven effective through clinical studies and demonstrated immune responses.

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    Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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    Published on: September 16, 2011

    Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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    Published on: September 26, 2022

    Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
    10:31

    Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

    Published on: October 25, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Allergy Research
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Allergic diseases such as rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma pose significant health challenges.
    • Anaphylaxis from insect stings and drug sensitivities represent critical clinical scenarios.
    • Hyposensitization therapy offers a potential treatment avenue for these conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of hyposensitization therapy in allergic diseases and anaphylaxis prophylaxis.
    • To explore the potential role of hyposensitization in managing drug sensitivities.
    • To review the evidence supporting the effectiveness and immune mechanisms of this therapy.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of objective clinical studies demonstrating treatment effectiveness.
    • In vivo and in vitro studies to elucidate immune response mechanisms.
    • Emphasis on antigen identification and preparation of standardized extracts.

    Main Results:

    • Hyposensitization therapy is effective for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and hymenoptera sting anaphylaxis prophylaxis.
    • The therapy may benefit patients with certain drug sensitivities.
    • Clinical studies confirm efficacy, supported by demonstrated in vivo and in vitro immune mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyposensitization therapy is a valuable treatment for specific allergic conditions and anaphylaxis.
    • The success of therapy hinges on accurate antigen identification and standardized extract preparation.
    • Future advancements may involve modified antigens with enhanced immunologic properties.