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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
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Otosclerosis.

M N Wali

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 26, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Otosclerosis is a slowly progressing bone disease affecting the otic capsule, leading to conductive or sensorineural hearing loss. This paper details its process, diagnosis, and management strategies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Otosclerosis is a progressive bone disorder of the otic capsule.
    • It involves abnormal bone remodeling, leading to hearing impairment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the pathophysiology of otosclerosis.
    • To outline diagnostic methods for otosclerosis.
    • To review current management approaches for otosclerosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of otosclerosis studies.
    • Analysis of disease progression.
    • Synthesis of diagnostic criteria.
    • Evaluation of treatment outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Otosclerosis presents as a slow progression from soft to dense bone.
    • It can cause both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
    • Diagnosis relies on clinical and audiological findings.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding otosclerosis progression is key for timely diagnosis.
    • Effective management strategies can mitigate hearing loss.
    • Further research can improve otosclerosis treatment.