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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual
10:40

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual

Published on: January 11, 2018

A Mini-Atlas of Ear-drum Pathology.

M Hawke, P Kwok

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 26, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reviews common ear conditions, including external ear canal diseases, tympanic membrane issues, and middle ear infections. It details treatments like foreign body removal, tympanic membrane repair, and ventilation tube insertion for ear health.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Diseases of the ear canal, tympanic membrane, and middle ear are common.
    • Accurate diagnosis often relies on visual inspection and imaging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To illustrate and discuss pathologies of the external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and middle ear.
    • To outline management strategies for common ear conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Presentation of illustrative ear-drum images.
    • Descriptive analysis of ear pathologies.
    • Discussion of therapeutic interventions.

    Main Results:

    • Identification and categorization of various ear diseases.
    • Demonstration of foreign body removal techniques.

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    Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
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    Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

    Published on: December 15, 2023

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    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual
    10:40

    Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual

    Published on: January 11, 2018

    Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
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    Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

    Published on: December 15, 2023

  • Explanation of procedures for tympanic membrane perforation and ventilation tube placement.

    • Conclusions:

    • Visual aids are crucial for understanding and diagnosing ear conditions.
    • Effective management protocols exist for external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and middle ear pathologies.