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Pulmonary candidiasis presenting as mycetoma.

Arshad Aitaf Bachh¹, Inaamul Haq, Rahul Gupta

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mamata Medical College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society

|January 26, 2011

Summary

Candida albicans can cause mycetoma, a rare pulmonary infection, especially in immunocompromised patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Early diagnosis and antifungal treatment are crucial for recovery.

Keywords:

Candida Haemoptysis Mycetoma

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Area of Science:

Medical Mycology
Infectious Diseases
Pulmonology

Background:

Candida species are common respiratory tract inhabitants, complicating diagnosis of pulmonary infections.
Mycetoma is typically caused by Aspergillus, with few reported cases involving Candida.
Immunocompromised status, particularly uncontrolled diabetes, increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of pulmonary mycetoma caused by Candida albicans in a diabetic, immunocompromised patient.
To highlight diagnostic challenges and emphasize the potential for Candida to cause mycetoma-like lesions.

Main Methods:

Case report of a patient with diabetes, tuberculosis, and suspected pulmonary mycetoma.
Diagnosis confirmed via biopsy, sputum culture, and blood Candida antigen testing.
Treatment involved antifungal therapy with clinical and radiological monitoring.

Main Results:

The patient presented with a mycetoma-like lesion, diagnosed as Candida albicans infection.
Positive Candida cultures from bronchial and sputum samples, and high Candida antigen titers in blood.
Successful treatment with antifungal therapy, evidenced by clinical improvement, radiological resolution, and negative Candida antigen levels.

Conclusions:

Candida albicans can cause pulmonary mycetoma, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals.
The saprophytic nature of Candida may mask pulmonary infections, necessitating thorough investigation.
Prompt diagnosis and antifungal treatment are vital for managing Candida-induced mycetoma.