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Related Concept Videos

Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments
07:30

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

Published on: November 9, 2017

Hyperreflexic Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Neeraj N Baheti1, Davis Manuel, Pranav D Shinde

  • 1Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disorder, typically presents with weakness and absent reflexes. This report highlights rare cases in India with preserved or heightened reflexes, urging physicians not to overlook this variant.

Keywords:
AMANGuillain-Barré syndromeautoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy

More Related Videos

Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice
05:38

Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice

Published on: June 16, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments
07:30

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

Published on: November 9, 2017

Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice
05:38

Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice

Published on: June 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by progressive motor weakness and areflexia.
  • While reflex abnormalities are documented in GBS variants globally, they are considered uncommon in the Indian subcontinent.

Observation:

  • This case report details two instances of GBS in the Indian subcontinent exhibiting reflex preservation and hyperreflexia.
  • These cases present a rare clinical manifestation of the axonal variant of GBS.

Findings:

  • The findings underscore that hyperreflexia, though infrequent, can occur in GBS, even in populations where it is not commonly reported.
  • The pathophysiology and management of this hyperreflexic variant are discussed.

Implications:

  • Physicians and neurologists in training should be aware of this rare hyperreflexic variant of GBS to ensure accurate diagnosis and timely management.
  • Recognizing atypical presentations of GBS is crucial for effective patient care and neurological training.