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Topographical disorientation in mild cognitive impairment: a voxel-based morphometry study.

Tae-Sung Lim1, Giuseppe Iaria, So Young Moon

  • 1Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea)
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Topographical disorientation (TD) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is linked to gray matter loss in brain regions crucial for navigation. This study identifies specific atrophic areas, offering insights into spatial navigation deficits in MCI.

Keywords:
dementiamild cognitive impairmenttopographical disorientationvoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects cognitive functions, including spatial navigation.
  • Topographical disorientation (TD) is a significant symptom observed in some MCI patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural substrates associated with topographical disorientation (TD) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • To identify brain regions affected by gray matter atrophy in MCI patients exhibiting TD.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment of TD in 41 MCI patients and 24 healthy controls.
  • Neurological, neuropsychological evaluations, and volumetric MRI scans.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to analyze gray matter atrophy patterns.

Main Results:

  • Topographical disorientation (TD) was present in 41.4% of MCI patients.
  • MCI patients with TD showed significantly impaired functional abilities compared to those without TD.
  • VBM revealed gray matter loss in medial temporal regions (hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex), fusiform gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, amygdala, and cerebellum in MCI patients with TD.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence linking TD in MCI to gray matter loss in specific brain regions.
  • The identified atrophic areas (medial temporal lobe, occipital regions) are critical for spatial orientation and navigation.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of spatial disorientation in early cognitive decline.