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Related Concept Videos

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
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Published on: February 6, 2015

Cancer evolution and individual susceptibility.

Jesús Pérez-Losada1, Andrés Castellanos-Martín, Jian-Hua Mao

  • 1Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Instituto Mixto Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, 37007, Spain. jperezlosada@usal.es

Integrative Biology : Quantitative Biosciences From Nano to Macro
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding cancer susceptibility involves genetic factors and environmental exposures. Mouse models and advanced genetic tools help identify low-penetrance genes and their interactions, crucial for cancer risk prediction and prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Cancer susceptibility arises from complex interactions between inherited genes and environmental carcinogens.
  • Low-penetrance genetic variants, influencing intrinsic cell activities or extrinsic tumor microenvironments, contribute significantly to cancer heritability.
  • Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci for cancer risk but often fail to capture gene-gene or gene-environment interactions, leaving a substantial portion of heritability unexplained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of mouse models and advanced genetic tools for dissecting complex cancer susceptibility.
  • To identify critical genes and understand their roles in carcinogenesis through cross-species approaches.
  • To enhance the prediction, diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of human cancers by identifying tumor susceptibility genes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mouse models to control genetic and environmental risk factors.
  • Employing high-throughput genetic technologies like SNP, CGH, and gene expression microarrays.
  • Implementing cross-species approaches to refine quantitative trait loci (QTL) and identify interacting genes.

Main Results:

  • Mouse models provide a powerful platform for studying gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in cancer susceptibility.
  • Advanced genetic tools facilitate the refinement of QTL and the identification of specific genes involved in carcinogenesis.
  • Cross-species analyses are effective in pinpointing QTL locations and elucidating their complex interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Mouse models and advanced genetic technologies are essential for uncovering the genetic architecture of cancer susceptibility.
  • Identifying novel tumor susceptibility genes and their functions is key to improving cancer risk assessment and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into gene-environment interactions is critical for developing comprehensive approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.