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Related Concept Videos

Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
Nucleoid01:24

Nucleoid

The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...
Surface Appendages of Archaea01:23

Surface Appendages of Archaea

Archaeal surface appendages are highly specialized structures essential for environmental adaptation, encompassing roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and motility. Among these appendages, pili and archaella stand out for their distinct morphologies and functionalities, enabling archaea to thrive in diverse and often extreme environments.Pili: Adhesion and Biofilm FormationPili are filamentous structures assembled from pilin protein subunits, primarily contributing to adhesion and biofilm...
Diversity of Archaea III01:27

Diversity of Archaea III

Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like environments.Morphological...
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

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Examining Proteasome Assembly with Recombinant Archaeal Proteasomes and Nondenaturing PAGE: The Case for a Combined Approach
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Published on: December 17, 2016

The archaeal PCNA proteins.

Miao Pan1, Lori M Kelman, Zvi Kelman

  • 1Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|January 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a vital ring-shaped protein crucial for DNA replication and repair. This review covers the structures, functions, and interactions of PCNA proteins found in archaea.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a highly conserved, ring-shaped protein essential for DNA replication and repair.
  • PCNA functions as a sliding clamp, encircling DNA and facilitating the processivity of DNA polymerases.
  • It interacts with numerous cellular factors, modulating their enzymatic activities in various DNA metabolic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of archaeal PCNA proteins.
  • To elucidate the structural characteristics of PCNA in archaeal organisms.
  • To detail the diverse functions and interaction networks of archaeal PCNA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on archaeal PCNA.
  • Analysis of structural data from PDB and other databases.
  • Functional and interaction data compiled from published studies.

Main Results:

  • Archaeal PCNA proteins share the conserved ring structure with their eukaryotic counterparts.
  • Key structural features enable PCNA to interact with various DNA metabolic enzymes.
  • Diverse functional roles and interaction partners have been identified across different archaeal lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Archaeal PCNA proteins are critical for DNA replication, repair, and other DNA-related processes.
  • Understanding archaeal PCNA structures and functions provides insights into the evolution of DNA replication machinery.
  • Further research into archaeal PCNA interactions can reveal novel therapeutic targets.