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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

Today's understanding about bone aging.

Maris Grzibovskis1, Mara Pilmane, Ilga Urtane

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street, Riga, Latvia, LV 1007. mgmaris@inbox.lv

Stomatologija
|January 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Patient age significantly impacts orthodontic treatment success due to bone aging. However, research on alveolar bone aging and its role in orthodontic treatment is notably lacking, despite its importance.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Patient age is a critical factor influencing orthodontic treatment outcomes.
  • Bone aging, osteoporosis, and associated signaling molecules are extensively studied in relation to bone diseases.
  • Immunohistological studies are increasingly prevalent across medical fields, including orthodontics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on immunohistological studies concerning bone aging in relation to patient age and orthodontic treatment.
  • To identify research gaps in the understanding of alveolar bone aging within the context of orthodontics.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and DynaMed.
  • Keywords used encompassed "Alveolar bone aging" and various signaling molecules (RANK, RANKL, OPG, MMPs, ILs, TNF-α, TNF-β).

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  • Full-text articles were screened, with a focus on studies discussing bone aging, signaling molecules, and orthodontic relevance.

    • Main Results:

    • Out of 147 initial articles, 90 met the inclusion criteria, with 30 being reviews.
    • Only 22 articles discussed bone aging concerning signaling molecules, and merely 2 focused on alveolar bone.
    • Crucially, no studies were found that examined alveolar bone aging specifically from an orthodontic treatment perspective.

    Conclusions:

    • There is a significant deficit in research investigating alveolar bone aging and its implications for orthodontic treatment.
    • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of bone aging is vital for predicting treatment outcomes and developing targeted therapies.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the role of patient age and bone aging in orthodontic tooth movement.