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Related Concept Videos

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
09:23

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics

Published on: January 5, 2024

Cryptic prophages help bacteria cope with adverse environments.

Xiaoxue Wang1, Younghoon Kim, Qun Ma

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & M University, 220 Jack E. Brown Building, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, USA.

Nature Communications
|January 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptic prophages, remnants of viral DNA within bacterial genomes, significantly enhance bacterial survival. These prophages confer resistance to antibiotics and environmental stresses, improving growth and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
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Bacteriophage Removal from Infected Salmonella Cultures

Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria and are the most abundant biological entities on Earth.
  • Phage DNA, known as prophages, can integrate into bacterial genomes, but their functional significance remains largely undefined.
  • Cryptic prophages are integrated phage genomes that lack the ability to produce infectious virions but may retain functional genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological impact of cryptic prophages on host bacteria.
  • To precisely delete all nine prophage elements from the Escherichia coli genome and assess the consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Precise deletion of all nine cryptic prophage elements (totaling 166 kbp) from the Escherichia coli genome.
  • Phenotypic analysis of the resulting prophage-free strain compared to the wild-type.

Main Results:

  • Cryptic prophages significantly contribute to resistance against sub-lethal concentrations of quinolone and β-lactam antibiotics.
  • Prophages enhance bacterial tolerance to osmotic, oxidative, and acid stresses.
  • Specific prophage proteins were identified as mediators of stress resistance and biofilm formation.
  • Deletion of prophages impaired growth and biofilm formation, while enhancing stress resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptic prophages provide substantial benefits to bacterial hosts, enhancing survival in challenging environments.
  • These prophages play a crucial role in bacterial adaptation and resilience through various physiological mechanisms.
  • Understanding prophage functions is essential for comprehending bacterial ecology and evolution.