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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

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Optofluidic refractometer using resonant optical tunneling effect.

A Q Jian, X M Zhang, W M Zhu

    Biomicrofluidics
    |January 27, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel liquid refractive index sensor based on the resonant optical tunneling effect (ROTE). This sensor demonstrates exceptional detectivity, offering a significant advancement for precise liquid analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Nanophotonics
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Liquid refractive index sensing is crucial for various applications, including chemical analysis and biomedical diagnostics.
    • Existing sensors like Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Fabry-Pérot (FP) etalons have limitations in sensitivity and detectivity.
    • The resonant optical tunneling effect (ROTE) offers a promising physical mechanism for enhanced sensing performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and analyze a novel liquid refractive index sensor utilizing the ROTE.
    • To evaluate the sensor's sensitivity and detectivity for potential ultrahigh-precision measurements.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of microfabricating the sensor components using optical resin NOA81.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical design and analysis of a ROTE-based sensor.

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  • Integration of hemicylindrical prisms, air gaps, and a microfluidic channel.
  • Microfabrication using optical resin NOA81.

    • Main Results:

    • The ROTE sensor exhibits an extremely sharp transmission peak.
    • Achieved sensitivity of 760 nm/RIU and detectivity of 85,000 RIU(-1).
    • Detectivity is significantly higher (17,000x SPR, 85x FP etalon), with potential for 10(-9) RIU sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The ROTE sensor offers a promising platform for ultrahigh-sensitivity liquid refractive index measurements.
    • The sensor design is compatible with microfabrication techniques.
    • This technology could surpass current state-of-the-art sensing capabilities.